A rectal exam should be performed on most patients with abdominal pain and any concern for blood loss. Here, are some important steps of a compete rectal exam.
There are multiple positions that you can ask your patient to stand or lie. These include:
1. Standing position: patient standing with toes pointing in, then leans over a table
2. Left lateral decubitus (Sims position): patient lies on left side with left hip/leg straight and the right hip/knee is bent
3. Knee to chest: patient with lying on table facing down with knees up to chest bent forward
(Both the standing and knee to chest positions are optimal for the prostate exam)
As for the procedure itself :
1. Use a small amount of lubricant on the index finger and ask the patient to take a deep breath and insert the finger facing down (6 o'clock position)
2. Appreciate the external sphincter tone then ask the patient to bear down and feel for tightening of the sphincter
3. For Men Palpate the prostate gland. Note the following:
1. Approximate size of the prostate gland (normally about the size of a walnut, 2-3 cm but wider at the top)
2. Feel for tenderness (prostatitis)
3. Feel for nodules or masses
4. Palpate the rectal wall starting from the 6 o'clock position clockwise to the 12 o'clock position. Then return to the 6 o'clock position and palpate the other half of the rectal wall feeling for masses, nodules and tenderness.