I think that this is an excellent and interesting question.
Firstly I think it boils down to how we were raised with regards to nudity and being nude and that stems from our religious , cultural and social upbringing as theses affect the way we view our own nudity, alone or in the presence of others, as well as viewing the nudity of others. So in the context of personal nudity in the privacy of our own homes, people are more casual in relation to clothing, though what each considers appropriate varies considerably.
We also have to consider our own comfort level with regards to how comfortable we are with our own body, especially in social setting , but more so in a medical setting where we are exposed to others in much more intimate ways , where not only looking but touching is involved .
In addition to this we must also add in the concepts of inhibition, modesty and social nudism Inhibition may be defined as a feeling that makes one self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way. Modesty as an attitude of propriety and decency in dress, language, and behaviour. Social nudism involves the nude appearance of the human body in relatively public settings not restricted by gender. Social nudism may take place in any private social context, such as at one's home with friends or with acquaintances at a nudist facility or event, such as a naturist club, community center, resort or other facility.
We need also the incorporate some Bioethics about a patient's modesty into this discussion. In order to emotionally not react or show to the patient that they are not unprofessionally reacting to the patient's nudity, we may take on a bland, emotionally neutral affect which demonstrates to the patient a sexually inert physician or nurse. Since the physician or nurse is sexually inert, he or she expects the patient to be likewise.
Now back to the OP question. I think to some extent it does, a person's level of comfort with nudity does affect our comfort level with exams be it genital or not . Now with regards specifically to genital exams , both men and women often feel vulnerable , exposed even a bit humiliated at times especially if the examiner is of the opposite sex. Feelings of jealously are sometimes involved especially where partners, spouses and significant others are concern .
Also you get the opposite view where some do quite enjoy the exposure especially with members of the opposite sex or they feel more comfortable being examined by someone of the opposite or same sex.
Well these are just of my thoughts , opinions beliefs on the subject.
RN